AI-generated Audio Podcast about ICANN IGO Issues and Domain Disputes

(if you’re having trouble using the media player, the MP3 is here)

In January 2023, I submitted extensive comments to ICANN, regarding IGO Issues and domain name disputes. There were 3 quite detailed PDFs in that submission (as there were other comment periods over the years), that many may not have read.

Using the NotebookLM AI tool I mentioned in an earlier post today, that generated an excellent podcast regarding domain name transfer policy, I figured I’d let the AI summarize my IGO-related submissions. The result is the embedded audio in this blog post. It did a fairly good job of explaining things at a high-level, although it missed an important detail, namely that IGOs are able to assert immunity when they’re the defendant, and thus the “role reversal” gives them a big advantage (especially if they’re no longer agreeing to the mutual jurisdiction clause). I hope this piques the interest of those who’ve not followed this important issue, and causes them to dive deeper into the PDFs (which have more detailed arguments).

 

 

Our January 30, 2023 Comments to ICANN Regarding IGO Issues and Preserving The Rights of Registrants

ICANN has a public comment period for the Final Report from the EPDP on Specific Curative Rights Protections for IGOs, which proposes to harm registrants’ rights, by making IGOs (intergovernmental organizations like the UN) exempt from the mutual jurisdiction clause of the UDRP/URS. This would mean that a domain owner’s rights to judicial review of an adverse UDRP/URS decision would be prejudiced.

Our comments can be read on the ICANN site, along with all the other public comment submissions. [including those of the Internet Commerce Association]

Continue reading “Our January 30, 2023 Comments to ICANN Regarding IGO Issues and Preserving The Rights of Registrants”

Stanley Pace wins Reverse Domain Name Hijacking Decision in Court, Overturning UDRP

Stanley Pace has won a reverse domain name hijacking victory in court, overturning a wrongly-decided UDRP decision at WIPO in the celluvation.com dispute.

You can read the entire court decision here.

In summary:

The Court herby DECLARES and ORDERS:

1. Pace’s use of the celluvation.com domain does not violate the ACPA.
2. Pace’s use of the celluvation.com domain does not violate the Lanham Act.
3. Pace has established a claim for reverse domain name hijacking.
4. Defendant’s counterclaims against Plaintiff are DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE for willful and inexcusable failure to prosecute and failure to comply with court orders pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b).
5. Pace’s request for fees is DENIED.
6. The WIPO arbitration panel decision is OVERTURNED, and the domain name
registrar for celluvation.com is ORDERED to lift the hold on the domain name and return the domain to Pace.
7. Judgment shall be entered in favor of Plaintiff

Will WIPO add this decision to its list of UDRP-related court cases? You might recall that WIPO retaliated against my company and removed the PUPA.com court case decision from their list (after I voted against Brian Beckham as co-chair of the RPM PDP working group at ICANN).

Meditations on Domain Name Transfers: Final Call for Comments To ICANN

Today I submitted comments on behalf of my company (Leap of Faith Financial Services Inc.) to ICANN regarding proposed changes to domain name transfer policy. You can read those comments in this PDF, or at ICANN’s public comment forum along with those of others such as the Internet Commerce Association. If you’d like to submit your own comments, the deadline is Tuesday August 16, 2022 at 23:59 UTC.

I’ve written multiple blog posts in the past few weeks, warning about the negative ramifications should their recommendations be adopted. See here, here, here, here and here for those past articles on the topic.

The comment submission reiterates and expands on those past articles. I also took a deep dive into each of the recommendations. It was a considerable effort (at least 40 hours, if not more) in a compressed time frame. It was truly stressful given the deadline would not be extended to mid-September (or beyond) as requested, to be a more reasonable schedule for the amount of work involved. As I note on page 5 of the submission, I could have used more time to reorganize, restructure and condense the material (which amounts to 60 pages!). Consider this a “draft” that wasn’t intended for publication, but is as good as it’s going to get in the time that was provided.

As I note in the conclusion, the most important section is Section E (generate a transaction ID at the gaining registrar, to input at the losing registrar; this way, we can eliminate the TAC). Also, retaining the “Losing FOA” (Section F), at least on an opt-in basis, to preserve the ability to ACK/NACK a pending transfer is critical. Those are the two big counterproposals, although lots of other stuff was important and needed to be said.

The unbalanced nature of the working group composition (registrars dominating) should concern everyone, as registrants’ interests are not being protected.

ICANN Staff Ignore UDRP Public Comments That Don’t Fit Their Agenda

ICANN staff recently prepared a “Revised Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) Policy Status Report (PSR)” (see PDF here) for the consideration of GNSO Council, and to guide any future policy development at ICANN. They even prepared a red-line version (see PDF here) to show what changes were made since the public comment period which ended in April 2022. The main change is the last 4 pages of the document, which has a list of “suggested improvements” submitted by the community.

My own company’s submission can be read here. Starting at the bottom of page 8 of the main PDF, I submitted numerous topics that should be addressed in a review. For example:

  • explicit opt-out provision
  • limitation period for complaints
  • optional “legal contact” within WHOIS
  • time to respond to complaints should be expanded, based on the age of the domain
  • “registered in bad faith” date to be explicitly set as the creation date of the domain
  • explicity permit transfers of ownership within related entities without impacting UDRP date tests
  • formal mediation step
  • ensure court review (for which I submitted an entirely separate PDF!)
  • merging URS and UDRP into a single procedure
  • greater oversight for providers and panelists

Now here’s the fun part — go try to find these referenced in the ICANN staff prepared document! They’re not there! (I suggest others who submitted their own comments review the ICANN summary, to see whether their own input was ignored.)

This demonstrates the bad faith on the part of ICANN staff, that public input that does not fit their agenda is completely ignored.

In conclusion, as I’ve pointed out repeatedly, ICANN public comment periods are a sham.

ICANN IGO Working Group Chair Disspain Admits They Would Be Significantly Challenged On Scope

As we’ve noted in our recent blog posts, hereherehere and here, the ICANN GNSO Council intends to vote (on Thursday May 19, 2022, tomorow!) on a controversial Final Report which would severely harm the rights of domain name registrants to judicial review of an adverse UDRP decision. This is in sharp contrast to the charter of that working group, which required that the rights to judicial review be preserved.

In my review of the call transcripts, it’s clear that the Chair of the Working Group, Chris Disspain, knew and understood that they had to preserve those rights to judicial review. In fact, on the January 10, 2022 working group call, here’s what he had to say:

And the bottom line is, irrespective of all of that, that our charter, our instructions from the GNSO Council very clearly states that our solutions should not affect the rights and ability of registrants to quality judicial proceedings, a court of competent jurisdiction, whether following a UDRP or URS case or otherwise. [pp.38-39]

Boom! Yet, as discussed in prior blog posts, that very standard that they were entrusted to meet was simply not met. Rights to judicial review are severely harmed, and not preserved. “Quality judicial proceedings” and a “court of competent jurisdiction” are sacred – yet this final report, if adopted, would effectively be taking those rights away from registrants.

Chris Disspain went on! On page 39, he continued:

So I would argue that we would be significantly challenged on scope, I suspect, if we were to make a recommendation that required an IGO to go to court and to not have a substantive hearing on the merits, which of course is what would happen if IGOs were successful in claiming their immunities.

That is why yesterday’s “friendly amendment” is a sham and an obscene document.

By exempting IGOs from the mutual jurisdiction clause, they enhanced the ability of IGOs to successfully assert immunity (as the mutual jurisdiction clause would usually be interpreted as a waiver of immunity). They are in violation of their charter. They would and should be “significantly challenged on scope.” There would be no “substantive hearing on the merits” at courts. As the Final Report itself concedes:

Conversely, the EPDP team acknowledged that removing this requirement for IGO Complainants could prejudice a registrant’s right and ability to have an initial UDRP or URS determination reviewed judicially, in that a successful assertion of immunity by an IGO means that the court in question will decline to proceed with the case. [pp. 23-24]

They “prejudiced” the rights to judicial review – the working group failed to preserve them.

As the Internet Commerce Association argued in their own comment submission:

Preliminary Recommendation #3 – exempting IGOs from the usual requirement of agreeing to a Mutual Jurisdiction for a challenge to a UDRP transfer without guaranteeing the right of a registrant to have its case heard on the merits – is unjustified and should not be
accepted by the GNSO. By exempting IGOs from agreeing to the Mutual Jurisdiction requirement, registrants are left with the very real possibility that a national court will refuse to assume jurisdiction in a post-UDRP action to overturn a UDRP transfer order; leaving the registrant without any meaningful redress or ability to have its case heard on the merits.

The proposal (Option 1 under Recommendation #4) to eliminate all substantive recourse for errant UDRP and URS decisions in the event that an IGO successfully avoids a court proceeding by asserting immunity after ICANN has stripped away the Mutual Jurisdiction requirement, is unconscionable and effectively repudiates the GNSO’s mandate to the EPDP which inter alia, requires that any policy option preserve registrants’ rights to judicial review. Such right to judicial review can only entail a substantive review, not merely an opportunity to receive a dismissal. [page 1] [NB: the recommendations were renumbered in the final report]

By ignoring this, not only did the working group fail to listen to the affected stakeholders. They also, by Chris Disspain’s own words, violated their charter.


I had planned to write other blog posts in advance of tomorrow’s GNSO Council, about how the review of public comments was a sham, looking at how the Public Comment Review Tool paid mere lip service to serious comments. [e.g. look at how people would submit very lengthy comments, but instead of actually digesting and considering the very valid points, the working group would simply label them “CONCERNS” and  “DIVERGENCE”! They pretended to review the public comments thoroughly, but would actually simply skim over them, with no debate, analysis or discussion most of the time, even to novel arguments. No attempt to actually refute the valid points raised by people. If I had more time, I would give numerous examples, but here are some points I wish to note.

I gave 20 reasons against arbitration, and they were ignored. (see pages 43-48 of my comments) Contrast those with pages 35-38 of the final report’s recommendations, or anywhere else they mentioned arbitration.  Basics like open justice (the open court principle) are ignored, as they propose hiding the arbitration filings, and only making the decision public.

Furthermore, I addressed the “Policy Impact Analysis” on page 51 of my comments. On page 17 of their February 14, 2022 call transcript, they claimed that those were important comments, and that they’d go back to them!

“CHRIS DISSPAIN: ….One, can you make sure that you refer us back to this particular comment when we deal with that section?”

I went through all the transcripts (and Zoom calls) and did not find any evidence that they ever went back to it. None of their proposed metrics would ever find that this policy had failed! (this was also a major concern of mine with the New gTLD program) In other words, by failing to provide any metrics which could show that their proposals had a negative impact on registrants, there’d be no way to challenge this policy in the future.

They could have limited the initial impact of a proposed policy change by grandfathering existing domain name registrations, or limiting it to new gTLDs, as per pages 49-50 of my public comments. This was ignored. Opt-out was ignored. The “Notice of Objection” system was mistakenly rejected, because the group was captured. It was a fair solution that really should have had a serious look by fair-minded individuals (not allowing the IGOs to simply veto it, because they thought they could get away with exempting themselves from mutual jurisdiction).

Instead of seriously analyzing feedback, they made jokes. E.g. in response to a serious analysis of unbalanced participation (pages 27-30 of my comments), which showed that Chris Disspain spoke 49.8% of the words on calls (excluding staff), as well as an entire history of the UDRP (and explanation of why the mutual jurisdiction clause was added) the Chair’s only remark was:

CHRIS DISSPAIN: I’m very disappointed. I was going for 50%

(see page 16 of February 14, 2022 transcript) This illustrates the lack of maturity and lack of seriousness with which the working group conducted its review of the public comments. If you were not agreeing with the initial report, your concerns were laughed off.

In conclusion, I wish to emphasize again that the working group failed to deliver what it was supposed to deliver, namely a set of recommendations that preserved the rights of registrants to judicial review. As such, this report should be entirely rejected. I can give ample evidence of all the process flaws that made them lose their way. But, in the end, it’s the actual recommendations that are the deliverables, and those deliverables simply fail to deliver what was promised.

 

ICANN Registrars Constituency Attempts To Rewrite History Of The New IGO Working Group

As we’ve noted in our recent blog posts, here, here, here and here, the ICANN GNSO Council intends to vote (on Thursday May 19, 2022, 2 days from now)  on a controversial Final Report which would severely harm the rights of domain name registrants to judicial review of an adverse UDRP decision. This is in sharp contrast to the charter of that working group, which required that the rights to judicial review be preserved.

In a shocking new development, today the ICANN Registrars Stakeholder Group proposed a “friendly amendment” saying:

We believe it is important to have it on record (in the motion) that there are scope and principles stipulated by the Council at the outset and against which Council has evaluated and determined that the recommendations in the Final Report are consistent with such scope and principles.

The email from Greg DiBiase of Amazon, didn’t appear to have an attachment with that kind of friendly amendment (the DOCX attachment at the bottom seems to be the original motion, not an amended version).

[Note on May 18: after additional review (in ChromeOS it was invisible text in the browser’s viewer), by downloading the attachment and loading it in Google Docs, the text is similar to the above, in item 10. i.e.

10. The GNSO Council has determined that the five (5) final EPDP recommendations in the EPDP team’s Final Report are consistent with the scope and principles set out in the Addendum to the RPMs PDP Charter and the subsequent EPDP Charter.

Regardless, it appears that people now realize that in fact the final report is deficient, as we’ve argued all along, as its recommendations do not actually preserve judicial review. As such, its recommendations are out of scope.

This obscene “friendly amendment” appears to be some form of damage control, or perhaps something that can be used to gaslight opponents of the final report, or just the worst form of historical revisionism one can imagine.

They’re trying to move the goalposts, after the game has already been played. It’s clear that the Final Report’s recommendations are outside the scope of the actual standard set by the GNSO Council before the working group began.  That means the report has to be rejected in its entirety.

This is particularly obscene given that the first IGO working group (the one that I participated on) was falsely accused of going beyond its scope (see my comments here, including pages 5-10) , and the GNSO Council took unprecedented action to undermine its consensus findings.

Elsa Saade made that point to the GNSO Council in 2019, when the first IGO working group’s final report was at GNSO Council for review, saying:

I was saying that I don’t think that we’re being completely honest with ourselves and the reasons why we are not taking on the full recommendations that the group had consensus on. And if we, I mean, I personally would vote to have all of them go through and then see how the Board would take it forward, but in terms of – because especially because if we do not do that we’re setting a precedence for the GNSO Council which had not been set before I’d say in terms of a back channel, I don’t – I’m going to dare say but a back channel sabotage in a way. I’m putting it out there on the record in my own personal capacity here. So that’s why I think we should take it on fully and take this – have this go through fully as a full recommendation set or list. [page 45 of transcript]

That truth still resonates. Back channel sabotage is what blocked the first working group’s thoughtful final report. Dishonest conduct, including this obscene “friendly amendment” which attempts to rewrite history, should not be rewarded.

The rules of the GNSO Council permit the vote on the IGO final report to be deferred by 1 meeting, as per page 8 of their operating procedures which state:

At the request of any Council member, for any reason, consideration of the Final Report may be postponed for no more than one (1) meeting, provided that such Council member details the rationale for such a postponement.

I suggest that Thursday’s vote be postponed until the June 2022 ICANN meeting, so that the full community can consider and thoroughly review the implications of this Final Report, one which would severely harm the rights of domain name registrants to judicial review (and which is thus out of scope of its charter).

Rather than attempt to win the hearts and minds of the community, through hard work and sound analysis, to form a true consensus, it’s clear that those who wish to take away domain name registrants’ rights are prepared to instead go down the path of dishonesty.

Any “friendly amendment” that tries to claim that this report is actually in scope would simply be a blatant lie, an attempt to say that “black is white” or “up is down”. It would further delegitimize ICANN and its leadership (including GNSO Council members) as fair-minded people can easily see the actual truth and history for themselves.

New ICANN IGO Working Group Didn’t Preserve Registrants’ Rights To Judicial Review

Next week (May 19, 2022, see agenda item #5), the ICANN GNSO Council intends to vote on the new IGO Working Group’s Final Report. However, that report fails at the most basic level, as per the instructions from GNSO Council that initiated that new working group.

I’ve written about this topic extensively, including posts last Thursday and Friday. My most detailed comments were submitted to ICANN in its public comment period. But, let’s go to the most basic problem with the report.

Page 4 noted that the work was initiated to see:

“whether an appropriate policy solution can be developed that is generally consistent with [the first four recommendations from the GNSO’s IGO-INGO Access to Curative Rights PDP] and:

a.accounts for the possibility that an IGO may enjoy jurisdictional immunity in certain circumstances;

b. does not affect the right and ability of registrants to file judicial proceedings in a court of competent jurisdiction;

c.preserves registrants’ rights to judicial review of an initial [Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy or Uniform Rapid Suspension decision; and

d. recognizes that the existence and scope of IGO jurisdictional immunity in any particular situation is a legal issue to be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction.”

Note in particular “c” that they must PRESERVE registrants’ rights to judicial review. But, their recommendations do NOT do this, when they exempt IGOs from the mutual jurisdiction clause. That was their “Recommendation #2: Exemption from Submission to “Mutual Jurisdiction”” on page 12 of the report.

A careful reading of the report shows that they actually sneaked in the word “seek” in the summary of that recommendation, i.e. they wrote:

“2.1.2. Recommendations to Address IGO Immunities While Preserving a Registrant’s Right to Seek Review of a UDRP or URS Decision Issued Against It” [emphasis added]

It’s not enough to simply “seek” that review – one must actually have the review itself in the courts! And they removed the word “judicial” — it’s not just a “review” that matters, it’s a judicial review that must be allowed (in the courts).

Notice that their “explanatory text” on page 13 actually OMITS the above section (c) wording! They wrote:

“…recommended policy solution must [account] for the possibility that an IGO may enjoy jurisdictional immunity in certain circumstances; … not affect the right and ability of registrants to file judicial proceedings in a court of competent jurisdiction whether following a UDRP/URS case or otherwise; and … [recognize] that the existence and scope of IGO jurisdictional immunity in any particular situation is a legal issue to be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction”.

i.e. they took the wording of point “b” above, but didn’t quote “c”, namely:

c.preserves registrants’ rights to judicial review of an initial [Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy or Uniform Rapid Suspension decision

This is the dishonesty I’ve spoken about repeatedly about this working group. The final report literally hides the most important standard of any recommendation, a standard that this working group did not meet.

As I noted in Friday’s post, the working group members themselves acknowledged during their deliberations that registrants’ rights are not being preserved!

For example, Jay Chapman said:

So really what the problem is as I see it, the current proposal as written today, it doesn’t provide for due process. It’s a forced process. And at best, it seems to me to be somewhat intellectually dishonest. And I think everyone kind of knows it on the call.

With the mutual jurisdiction requirement also currently sought to be disposed of, it seems to be kind of a wink-wink on the registrant being able to find relief or at least a decision on the merits I suppose by going to court. It’s kind of like the group wants to say, well, good luck with that, Mrs./Mr. Business Registrant. There won’t be any jurisdiction in the court and thus no remedy for you.

Without giving every example (I encourage folks to read my full comment submission), Paul McGrady noted:

Thanks, Chris. It was just the nerdy thing that I put into the chat that a waiver of the right to go to court, those rights that are being given up could really never fully be captured in an arbitration mechanism because the rights in Poland are different than the rights in South Africa, which are different than the rights in the U.S. or whatever. So what we would be doing is creating some sort of amalgam of protections for registrants in the arbitration process that we, I guess, think best blend all the various rights around the world. Then we would be offering that to registrants in lieu of their local protections. And as I said before, I think in the chat, the optics of that, they’re hard to get your arms around that. We don’t want ICANN be accused of overreach, for what it’s worth. Thanks.

The final report tries to dance around this deficiency through misdirection! They “emphasize” on page 9 that:

The inclusion of an arbitration option in the UDRP and URS does not replace, limit, or otherwise affect the availability of court proceedings to either party, or, in respect of the URS, the ability to file an appeal within the URS framework. Either party continues to have the right to file proceedings in a court, up to the point in time when an arbitration proceeding is commenced (if any).

But, that’s missing the point, and misleading people! It’s the exclusion of the mutual jurisdiction clause that has the effect of not preserving registrant’s rights to judicial review. ICANN has no ability to stop anyone from filing a court proceeding. What matters is what happens in the courts after the case is filed, and whether the proposed changes have an impact on things (they obviously would have a severe negative impact on registrants).

They falsely claim on page 19 that they believe they’re “preserving existing registrant rights.” This concern was raised by many in the public comment period, not just myself. But, then they misstate and misrepresent the objections of the public, on page 25:

The Public Comments demonstrated strong concerns, particularly amongst individual commentators, regarding the EPDP team’s proposal to exempt IGO Complainants from the requirement to agree to submit to a Mutual Jurisdiction, to the extent that it would result in limitations on the registrant’s ability to file court proceedings against an IGO or in compelling a registrant to go to arbitration. These commentators emphasized that the outcomes of the EPDP should not reduce or otherwise adversely affect the rights of registrants.

They emphasized that folks were concerned about the “registrant’s ability to file court proceedings” — that’s not the issue; instead, what matters is what would happen at court after the case got filed (i.e. it would be tossed out on a technicality, if IGOs asserted immunity, which they certainly would do if they were exempted from the mutual jurisdiction clause).

They added the ambiguous text “These commentators emphasized that the outcomes of the EPDP should not reduce or otherwise adversely affect the rights of registrants.”, but then didn’t address those actual concerns, i.e. the prejudicial impact of what would happen once you got to court.

To fake people out, then the final report didn’t actually CHANGE the substance of the recommendation (i.e. final report vs. initial report). On page 25, they tried to pretend that they did:

Clarify that its proposal to exempt an IGO Complainant (as defined) from the requirement to agree to submit to a Mutual Jurisdiction does not alter or limit a registrant’s ability and right to initiate court proceedings;

But, that is simply “explanatory text” that didn’t actually change the recommendation itself! And furthermore, that explanatory text is misleading, because it was never in dispute that registrants could “initiate court proceedings”what people were concerned about was what would  happen at court once you got there.

By removing the mutual jurisdiction clause for IGOs, the expected outcome at court would be vastly different, as everyone knows (that’s why the IGOs have been fighting this issue for 2 decades, as they don’t want the courts to ever be able to make a decision on the merits, even when they’ve initiated the overall dispute by filing a UDRP in the first place). Registrants’ rights would be severely prejudiced at court, not preserved. Even the working group itself acknowledge this prejudicial impact, on pages 23-24:

Conversely, the EPDP team acknowledged that removing this requirement for IGO Complainants could prejudice a registrant’s right and ability to have an initial UDRP or URS determination reviewed judicially, in that a successful assertion of immunity by an IGO means that the court in question will decline to proceed with the case.

That should have been the end of the working group’s attempt to keep the exemption from the mutual jurisdiction recommendation!

Instead, the working group tried to redirect people’s attention to the language of item (b) above, namely:

“does not affect the right and ability of registrants to file judicial proceedings in a court of competent jurisdiction;” (emphasis added)

i.e. but no one really cares about just the ability to “file” a case. ICANN has no power to stop anyone from filing a case (emphasis above on “file“). What matters is item (c) above:

c.preserves registrants’ rights to judicial review of an initial [Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy or Uniform Rapid Suspension decision; (emphasis added)

Which the working group simply ignored. There would obviously be no actual “judicial review” at all, as the case would be tossed out on a technicality, as IGOs successfully assert immunity (once they’re exempted from the mutual jurisdiction clause).  Again, registrants’ rights would be severely prejudiced at court, not preserved. That’s unacceptable, and doesn’t match what GNSO Council told the working group to do.

Why is a decision in court so important? It was explained in depth in the detailed public comments, or in a much briefer and older article by Wendy Seltzer. Instead, this working group believes that it’s “enough” to allow someone who disagrees with the outcome of an ICANN-designed process (UDRP) to simply go to yet another ICANN-designed process (an “arbitration” as an alternative to the courts). ICANN’s UDRP has been criticized as being one-sided in favour of complainants for 20+ years, and now they believe they can be trusted to come up with something superior to the courts? That’s nonsense. The fact that working groups and processes have been manipulated to even get to this stage shows that ICANN doesn’t work, and that court processes are essential to ensure justice.

Remember, not a single IGO has ever had a UDRP appealed to court! Why would an actual criminal fraudster engaged in cybersquatting, who IGOs pretend to be after, ever expose themselves? IGOs truly want to prevent legitimate registrants who have faced an injustice at the UDRP (e.g. the ADO.com or IMI.com disputes) from obtaining justice through their national courts.

In conclusion, this final report is a sham, an obscene attempt to deprive domain name registrants of basic and sacred rights that they’ve had since the inception of the UDRP. It is a demonstration of what happens when policy-making is dominated by a powerful and unrepresentative “few”, at the expense of the underrepresented “many”. It must be opposed to ensure justice and due process for domain name owners.

Paul Keating Was Right: IGOs Have Undermined The Legitimacy Of The ICANN Model

As I noted in a blog post yesterday, ICANN’s GNSO Council is scheduled to vote next week on the final report of the new IGO working group. Their one-sided recommendations, especially the removal of the “mutual jurisdiction clause” for IGOs, would substantially prejudice the rights of domain name owners to due process in the courts.

In a letter to ICANN in 2018, prominent attorney Paul Keating, who was a member of the original IGO working group that invested 4 years on the topic and which came to very different recommendations (that actually balanced the rights of registrants and IGO), told ICANN that:

To claim that the group was captured is simply nonsense.

He also noted that:

The Mathias letter makes clear that the objective of the IGOs is to discredit the many years work of the Working Group and to undermine the bottom up policy-development process that is fundamental to the legitimacy of the ICANN model. As a diligent and fair-minded member of the Working Group who actually invested the time to examine the issues in incredible detail and reach sound recommendations, I simply cannot accept his attempt to circumvent the Policy Development Process.

Unfortunately, Paul Keating was right: IGOs have undermined the legitimacy of the ICANN model, by relitigating the issue excessively, and ignoring public input until they succumbed to the IGOs demand for removal of the “mutual jurisdiction” clause. As I’ve noted repeatedly, IGOs have been after this unreasonable policy change for two decades!

Why did this happen? One reason is that the new IGO Working Group prevented me and others from participating, and instead was overwhelmingly dominated by those who have no interest in protecting registrants’ rights. This unbalanced representation led to this extremist outcome. I documented the unbalanced participation in an innovative review of the actual number of words spoken during calls, and posted on the mailing list, with the help of Kevin Ohashi. Those charts and the analysis were submitted to the working group via the public comment period (see pp. 27-30 here). This concern was also raised by the Registrar Stakeholder Group, who stated:

Second, the RrSG notes that the EPDP does not appear to contain any representatives from the RrSG, the Registry Stakeholder Group (RySG), and the Not-for-Profit Operational Concerns Constituency (NPOC), and some of the recommendations appear to have significant impact on those constituencies or domain name registrants. The absence of certain constituencies in the EPDP should not be rationale for drafting recommendations that could impact those constituencies. The RrSG strongly recommends that for the Final Report, the EPDP must consider and incorporate the feedback from constituencies not represented on the EPDP.

Let’s take a look at the original IGO working group’s mailing list archives. The “consensus call” process took place in May 2018 and June 2018. There was vigorous and active participation by numerous members of the working group. May 2018 had 75 posts, and June 2018 had 127 posts, for example. Members were active and engaged in the working group. Phil Corwin of Verisign falsely claimed “captured”, as discussed yesterday, but look at the actual activity on the mailing list. Phil Corwin was a member of the registry constituency, but so were David Maher (of PIR) and Crystal Ondo (of Donuts, at the time). Both rejected Phil Corwin’s preferred option (arbitration), and were part of the group’s consensus (which the new working group is trying to relitigate). David Maher explained:

I support Option 1. I understand staff’s concern “that resolving a procedural question (immunity from jurisdiction) can automatically reverse a substantive panel finding, where the court has not had (and will not have) the opportunity to hear the case on its merits.” This problem will only arise if an IGO takes advantage of a UDRP or URS proceeding and then hides behind immunity. It appears from this group’s discussions that IGOs have had few or no problems in supporting their names and acronyms in court and administrative proceedings. For future proceedings, I believe it is justifiable to bar IGOs from invoking an intrinsically unfair legal maneuver.

Reg Levy of Tucows (representing herself, but obviously familiar with Registrar views) was also a participant, and was part of the consensus.

Similarly, Mike Rodenbaugh, former counsel at Yahoo! and a member of the Intellectual Property Constituency, was part of the consensus (and opposed to the arbitration proposal that Phil Corwin desired). I created an unofficial spreadsheet which summarized the input. You can see that it closely aligns with the results by ICANN Staff which were produced later, and the final report (pp. 4-6, and pp. 18-22 which showed the designations of the alternative options which were rejected).

Contrast the original working group with the sham nature of the new IGO working group. Their mailing list archives can be found here, and their phony “consensus call” took place in March 2022. As was noted by the Registrars Stakeholder Group above, there were no representatives from the registrars or registries who even participated in this working group! Contrast that with the original working group (which was open to anyone), which had wide and engaged membership. Their phony “consensus call” amounted to a single email from the chair (Chris Disspain, who dominated the discussions throughout the working group, as noted previously) claiming “full consensus”. Take a look at the mailing list — was there widespread actual public support for that designation? Of course not — they simply manipulate the working group’s processes, to consider “silence” as being “acceptance.”

Contrast this silence with the vigorous debate in the original working group, where members had to affirmatively post their positions, and many did so with their reasoning. This new working group with already unbalanced and limited participation didn’t even bother to do so, as they knew that their unengaged members couldn’t actually justify their positions. They simply “went along with whatever the chair decided”, and sat in silence. The original working group was a model for how all sides had an opportunity to participate, and all views were considered.

The new working group’s final recommendations are an insult to the intelligence of the ICANN community and to those who took the time to respond. Rather than considering the serious deleterious impact of their proposals on registrants’ rights to have the merits of their dispute decided by the courts, the new working group instead decided to double-down on their intellectual dishonesty.

On page 9, they assert that:

The inclusion of an arbitration option in the UDRP and URS does not replace, limit, or otherwise affect the availability of court proceedings to either party, or, in respect of the URS, the ability to file an appeal within the URS framework. Either party continues to have the right to file proceedings in a court, up to the point in time when an arbitration proceeding is commenced (if any).

The working group seeks to pull a fast one on the public, by making this assertion, which did not alter the actual recommendation (which eliminated the mutual jurisdiction clause for IGOs). I called this out explicitly on pages 40-41 of my own comments. I quoted their own words! For example, Jay Chapman said:

So really what the problem is as I see it, the current proposal as written today, it doesn’t provide for due process. It’s a forced process. And at best, it seems to me to be somewhat intellectually dishonest. And I think everyone kind of knows it on the call.

With the mutual jurisdiction requirement also currently sought to be disposed of, it seems to be kind of a wink-wink on the registrant being able to find relief or at least a decision on the merits I suppose by going to court. It’s kind of like the group wants to say, well, good luck with that, Mrs./Mr. Business Registrant. There won’t be any jurisdiction in the court and thus no remedy for you.

Without giving every example (I encourage folks to read my full comment submission), Paul McGrady noted:

Thanks, Chris. It was just the nerdy thing that I put into the chat that a waiver of the right to go to court, those rights that are being given up could really never fully be captured in an arbitration mechanism because the rights in Poland are different than the rights in South Africa, which are different than the rights in the U.S. or whatever. So what we would be doing is creating some sort of amalgam of protections for registrants in the arbitration process that we, I guess, think best blend all the various rights around the world. Then we would be offering that to registrants in lieu of their local protections. And as I said before, I think in the chat, the optics of that, they’re hard to get your arms around that. We don’t want ICANN be accused of overreach, for what it’s worth. Thanks.

Instead, the new working group buries the truth in a word salad of obfuscatory text.

The truth is this — the new working group was chartered to look at a very specific and limited scenario, namely:

      1. An IGO wins a UDRP.
      2. The domain name registrant decides to challenge the UDRP outcome, by going to court, as per the mutual jurisdiction clause.
      3. Instead of deciding the case on the merits, the court decides that it cannot proceed due to the claimed immunity of the IGO.

As explained in my comments, which reviewed the entire history of the UDRP, this scenario has never actually happened. The “expected outcome” was that a court should find that the “mutual jurisdiction” clause amounts to a waiver of immunity, and thus the court can proceed. To attach some numbers, I would argue that if left unchanged, the current policy would result in 95%+ of such court cases to find that the IGO has waived immunity, and the court can decide the dispute on the merits. Our work was focused on deciding what to do about the “other 5%” of cases, that would theoretically fall through the cracks, and the original working group came up with a solution to that problem (i.e. vitiate the UDRP, and put both sides in the same position as they would be had the UDRP not taken place, so that the case can then proceed in the courts, mirroring the actual legal rights of the IGOs and respondents had ICANN never created the UDRP policy in the first place; as I noted in my comments, a “Notice of Objection” system would be an even better solution, see page 15+).

But, what did the new IGO working group do instead? Rather than focus on their limited mandate, they went far beyond the scope of their charter to relitigate already decided issues. I documented this on pages 31-35 of my comments. By removing the “mutual jurisdiction” requirement for IGOs, the working group completely changes the likelihood of the scenario above. Instead of focusing on a rare scenario, and what to do about it, they actually transformed the rare scenario into the expected scenario! Without the mutual jurisdiction clause for IGOs, instead of say 95% of courts deciding the case on the merits (leaving 5% of such cases undecided on the merits), the reverse would happen! Courts would overwhelmingly find that domain owners could not proceed to a decision on the merits in a dispute with the IGOs, as there was no waiver of immunity. So, 95% of cases (instead of 5%) would (under the new working group’s proposed elimination of mutual jurisdiction) now be in a state where the court could not proceed to a decision on the merits — i.e. the cases would be thrown out on a technicality, rather than be decided on the merits.

Instead of recognizing this perversion of justice, the new working group attempts to obfuscate things by claiming that nothing prevents a domain owner from filing a case in court. This is a ridiculous and misguided statement — it’s obvious ICANN can’t control anyone’s right to take anyone to court, but what it can do (and will do, if these recommendations are adopted) is prejudice the actual outcome of what happens at that court! This working group turned an unlikely scenario into the most probable scenario, thereby harming registrants’ rights to have their disputes decided by the courts.

This is exactly like the scenario with UK and Australian registrants/registrars that ICANN created due to bad policymaking, whereby there’s no cause of action to challenge a UDRP. I warned about this in March 2022. By the logic of the new working group, there’s “no problem here”, because registrants can still file a court case (even though they will overwhelmingly have their case refused and not be decided on the merits!).

In conclusion, this new working group’s work must be rejected. It was the product of a group with unbalanced and unengaged representation (in contrast with the original working group that spent 4 years on the topic). Furthermore, their recommendations do not stand up to even the most basic scrutiny, as noted in the original comment submissions. Simply pretending that registrants can still go to court, when they’ve knowingly tilted the probabilities of what would take place at those courts, insults the intelligence of the community.

 

 

ICANN GNSO Council Was Misled Regarding Alleged Capture Of The Original IGO Working Group

Next week, the newly-created IGO Working Group’s Final Report is due to be voted upon by the ICANN GNSO Council, according to agenda item #5. As previously discussed, that working group’s report is an utter sham, and doesn’t reflect the public comments that were opposed to the recommendations.

It’s important to note that this isn’t the first working group that reviewed this issue. The prior working group (that I was a member of; the new working group would not permit me or others with similar views to join) came to very different conclusions. That report was attacked by Phil Corwin of Verisign, in a minority statement that falsely alleged “capture”. How do we know that this was a false claim? We need only look at Phil Corwin’s own statements in November 2017 (prior to the consensus call, when the results were not yet known as to the final recommendations), where he stated:

So far as the values of openness, transparency and inclusion, this working group has been completely open and inclusive. We have – we did extensive outreach to encourage participation by GAC members and IGO representatives. They chose not to become members. That’s not on us; that’s on them. Everything we’ve done is transparent. There’s transcripts, there’s documents.

So far as representativeness, if there is any attempt to besmirch the work of this working group when we issue our final report with allegations that have been captured by any particular group or did not represent enough the different components of the ICANN community, we’ve already – the cochairs have already reviewed that with staff. And while this is a small working group, there’s no requirement that every working group have dozens and dozens or even hundreds of members, but we have had sufficient participation from different parts of the ICANN community, I think, to refute any such allegations if they should arise. [pp.14-15 of transcript]

So, prior to the final results of the working group’s efforts being known, Phil Corwin was happy to defend the output of the working group. In fact, Phil Corwin expected that his preferred option (which involved arbitration) was a shoe-in to be adopted.

He even openly invited me to go on the record with my claims that he (as a co-chair) had abused his authority (in attempting to use an anonymous poll, in violation of ICANN’s transparency requirements), see:

Number one, and, you know, I don’t want to make a big deal out of this but George has stated several times in writing and now just orally that he believes the cochairs have abused their authority. I reject that categorically. The cochairs have been very careful to not cross any bright line in abusing their authority to be administrative and not push toward a particular sharing information about internal ICANN developments is not the same as pushing a particular policy goal. We had a full discussion and the vote could have gone the other way and then we – that wasn’t the will of the working group.

But if anyone who is a member of this working group feels that the chairs have abused their authority, please go ahead and – that they’ve been treated unfairly, go ahead and file a complaint with the ombudsman and have it investigated. But I reject any suggestion of that. [pp.11-12 of transcript]

Why should he be upset, then, when I did successfully file a Section 3.7 appeal, one that was entirely meritorious, as documented on the mailing list archives (see Dec 2017 and beyond)? After that successful appeal resulted in transparent processes to determine consensus, it turns out that Phil Corwin’s preferred outcome of arbitration was completely rejected, with consensus against, as noted in the final report (pp. 19-20, with Option #3 [arbitration] showing “Consensus Call Outcome: MINORITY VIEW (WITH CONSENSUS AGAINST THIS OPTION“).

So, there you have it. When the results of the working group didn’t go his way, like a hypocrite Phil Corwin changed his tune completely and attacked the working group at GNSO Council (a working group that he had great control over, given his role as co-chair). Phil Corwin ignored the fact that he himself openly claimed that working group was representative and shouldn’t be “besmirched” before the results of its processes were determined. He only claimed those processes were “captured” after they resulted in recommendations that differed from his preferred outcome.

GNSO Council was completely misled. On that basis alone, the foundation for creating the new working group was built on a lie.

Why is this important? This led to the creation of a new working group that doesn’t reflect the views of impacted parties (particularly registrants). Indeed, this new working group has ignored fundamental criticisms that were made in the public comments. For example, the Registrar Stakeholder Group’s comment noted that it “has serious concerns about a number of the recommendations in the Interim Report that are contrary to the EPDP’s charter, the position of the ICANN Board, and could prejudice the rights of domain name registrants.” (page 1)

My own detailed submission explained how this new working group’s recommendations are untenable, and the entire history of the issue (including the comments from 2019, which documented the first working group and how its efforts were sabotaged when its recommendations went before the ICANN Board). I encourage anyone who is open-minded to review those thorough submissions, and contrast them with the haphazard recommendations produced by this new sham working group.

In conclusion, the new working group’s final report must be rejected, if ICANN and the GNSO Council value integrity of their processes. In the event they accept this report, they will further delegitimize themselves, and openly declare that their processes are open to manipulation by insiders who wish to promulgate extremist policy views that have been rejected for two decades. “Backchannel sabotage” (see page 45) should not be rewarded.